Explain INDUCTOR FILTERS, capacitor filter, Bridge Rectifier, RC Filter, LC Filter, Bridge Rectifier, LC Filter, capacitor-input filter, CLC or π Filter

INDUCTOR FILTERS use an inductor called a choke to filter the pulsating dc input. Because of the impedance offered to circuit current, the output of the filter is at a lower amplitude than the input.

When the output of the rectifier passes through an inductor, it blocks the ac component and allows only the dc component to reach the load

The operation of the inductor filter depends on its property to oppose any change of current passing through it.

A Single Capacitor : If we place a capacitor at the output of the full-wave rectifier as shown to the left, the capacitor will charge to the peak voltage each half-cycle, and then will discharge more slowly through the load while the rectified voltage drops back to zero before beginning the next half-cycle. Thus, the capacitor helps to fill in the gaps between the peaks, as shown in red in the first figure to the right.

A capacitor filter connected directly across the load is shown above.
The property of a capacitor is that it allows ac component and blocks dc component.
The operation of the capacitor filter is to short the ripple to ground but leave the dc to appear at output when it is connected across the pulsating dc voltage.

If the value of the capacitor is fairly large, or the value of the load resistance is very large, then it can be assumed that the time T2 is equal to half the periodic time of the waveform.

LC Filter: - The ripple factor is directly proportional to the load resistance RL in the inductor filter and inversely proportional to RL in the capacitor filter. Therefore if these two filters are combined as LC filter or L section filter as shown in figure the ripple factor will be independent of RL.

The capacitor-input filter, also called "Pi" filter due to its shape that looks like the Greek letter pi, is a type of electronic filter. Filter circuits are used to remove unwanted or undesired frequencies from a signal.

A typical capacitor input filter consists of a filter capacitor C1, connected across the rectifier output, a choke L, in series and another filter capacitor connected across the load.

CLC or p type filter, which basically consists of a capacitor filter, followed by LC section.
This filter offers a fairly smooth output and is characterized by highly peaked diode currents and poor regulation.
 As in L section filter the analysis is obtained as follows.